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全球环境健康峰会：超级棉田管理经验，与世界分享

2022-10-17 13:39:38 来源：极飞科技 阅读量：17248 评论

导读：10 月 11 日， “2022 年环境健康全球峰会(Global Summit on Environmental Health)”在瑞典斯德哥尔摩成功举办。

　　【农机网 明星企业】10 月 11 日， “2022 年环境健康全球峰会(Global Summit on Environmental Health)”在瑞典斯德哥尔摩成功举办。极飞科技受邀参加会议，在线分享农田数字化管理的中国经验。
 
　　环境健康全球峰会，旨在让来自不同学科的专家学者分享他们的最新研究成果，审视气候变化、农业生产、能源消耗对地球环境和公众健康造成的影响，以及探讨用创新技术和知识驱动社会变革的解决方案。本次峰会聚集了十多个国家的专业机构、专家参与。
 
　　极飞科技联合创始人龚槚钦在会上，以超级棉田的项目成果为实践案例，讲述了数字农业技术如何为农民、自然环境创造经济和生态双重效益。此研究成果已经在今年 7 月被国际核心期刊《农业（Agriculture）》收录。
 
 

       极飞科技联合创始人龚槚钦演讲实录摘要：
 
　　提升农业生产效率是极飞科技的使命，解决全球农业挑战是极飞业务的出发点。如今，劳动力短缺、粮食供应不足、农用化学品滥用、食物多样性减少、气候变化和土地荒置等问题为农业生产带来了越来越大的挑战。
 
　　国际冲突和气候变化造成产量不稳定、供应链受阻，粮食紧缺也成为了一个大问题，化肥和农药的过度使用导致了环境污染和食品安全问题，同时单一作物种植和农场规模的不断扩大也让食物的多样性不断下降。这并不利于未来年轻一代的身体健康。
 
　　根据多年的科学研究和农田实践证明：数字技术可以提高农业的经济和生态效益。为此，极飞科技开发了一套智慧农业解决方案，并成功应用在了超级棉田项目。
 
　　棉花是最重要的经济作物之一，也是全球纺织业的重要支柱。作为中国棉花主产地，新疆棉花种植有利于推动当地经济发展和农民增收，对于稳定国际棉纺织供应链还发挥着巨大作用。2021 年初，在棉花生产成本越来越高、雇工难的背景下，极飞科技在新疆尉犁县启动了“2 人管理 3000 亩地”的超级棉田项目，成功验证数字化管理模式大规模应用于农田、改善农民经济效益、减少农业生产碳足迹的可行性。
 
　　由于目前棉花的田间管理机械化、智能化水平较低，往往需要投入高昂的人工和农资成本。2018 年，中国棉花生产成本是美国的 3.4 倍，印度的 4.3 倍。因此，极飞将无人驾驶技术、地理遥感技术、智慧农场管理系统引进超级棉田，让两位 90 后年轻人来管理原本需要 30 名工人的高标准农田。
 
　　2021 年收获季，超级棉田实现了每亩 253.3 公斤的平均产量，高于中国棉花的平均亩产，每亩棉田还节省了大约 320 元的成本。此外，相比于同等面积的传统棉田，超级棉田通过减少化石能源消耗、降低化肥使用量、节省水肥灌溉用电等手段，减少了 22% 的温室气体排放。
 
　　那超级棉田是怎样做到的呢？
 
　　智能化耕、种
 
　　在种植季开始时，超级棉田通过极飞遥感无人机拍摄农田高清照片，将其拼接成数字地图，在农业人工智能的加持下，就可以识别农田的地块边界，分析土壤类型和营养情况。让棉田管理者能够准确判断出需要购买的种子、农药和化肥数量，预估出投入成本。
 
　　超级棉田里还放置了大量数字传感器，监测天气、土壤和作物生长状况，管理者就能知道什么时候需要做什么农活。我们还将传统的人工驾驶拖拉机改造成自动驾驶的拖拉机，让犁地、覆膜、播种作业更加精确，提升柴油利用率。
 


       “无人化”管理
 
　　在灌溉施肥方面，超级棉田通过水肥一体化的智能灌溉系统，远程控制农田里所有电子阀门和水泵精准灌溉，节约水肥和电力，还能让棉花生长得更均匀。人工智能和传感器能够监测到阀门和泵内部的压力，因此水泵知道什么时候抽多少水、用什么压力来维持灌溉施肥系统的精准性。
 
水肥一体灌溉水泵
 
　　在棉花植保环节，通常农民会使用手动喷雾装置或拖拉机来打药、除草。但由于这种传统喷洒方式无法做到精准，农民需要用大量水来稀释农药，以“淋浴”的方式来给作物喷药。这样做不仅造成化学品浪费，而且还会污染土壤和地下水。超级棉田引进农业无人机来进行精准喷洒，根据作物的种植密度和生长状态，无人机知道哪里需要喷洒更多、哪里需要喷洒更少，从而做到病虫草害的高效防治。
 
极飞农业无人机为棉田精准施药
 
　　在管理决策环节，超级棉田使用人工智能来识别每一块农田的种植规模、基本苗数量和发芽率。在收割前，系统还能计算棉花吐絮率，让管理者更好地判断喷药、撒肥、灌溉等农事作业的最佳时机。
 
人工智能自动识别棉田植株情况
 
　　科学化采收
 
　　超级棉田利用遥感无人机测产，管理者可以了解预计产出情况，提前做好收获、仓储、销售、加工等环节的计划，合理调度农机，减少石油能源消耗；此外相比于拖拉机喷洒脱叶剂，使用无人机喷洒脱叶剂，不仅效率更高，而且不会导致棉铃脱落(拖拉机导致的棉铃脱落会造成约  5%  左右减产)，从而提升了棉花采收的效率及质量。
 
极飞农业无人机为棉田喷洒脱叶剂
 
　　超级棉田项目为智慧农业技术的推广提供了创新路径和指导意义。研究显示，当棉农的种植面积达到 240 亩及以上时，引进智慧农业设备可以帮助他们显著降低生产成本。
 
　　未来，随着劳动力成本持续上涨、智能农机价格下降，农民的使用门槛将会越来越低。这也就意味会有更多小农户从数字技术中受益，增加产量和收入，但留下更少的环境足迹。而在技术的赋能下，农村和城市之间的数字鸿沟也正在缩小。

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