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推广使用有机肥料：让土地变肥，让农民增收

2018-06-27 15:44:09 来源：中国农机网整理发布 阅读量：30788 评论

导读：作为农业大国，目前我国农业发展处于历史拐点中，农业生产已由追求产量向提升质量转变，由于前期我国滥用肥料，导致部分地区土壤流失严重，为保证农业的可持性发展，近年来国家大力提倡减少化肥使用量，推广使用有机肥、新型肥料等，目前各地成效显著。其中，江西、贵州、安徽等地区起到了很好的示范作用。

　　【中国农机网 地方农机】 作为农业大国，目前我国农业发展处于历史拐点中，农业生产已由追求产量向提升质量转变，由于前期我国滥用肥料，导致部分地区土壤流失严重，为保证农业的可持性发展，近年来国家大力提倡减少化肥使用量，推广使用有机肥、新型肥料等，目前各地成效显著。其中，江西、贵州、安徽等地区起到了很好的示范作用。
 
　　江西：推广绿肥，肥了农田富了农民
 
　　绿肥是用作肥料的绿色植物体，是中国传统的重要有机肥料之一。近年来，江西各级农业部门高度重视恢复绿肥生产工作，并多方争取资金实施绿肥种植补贴，使绿肥种植面积迅速得到有效恢复，农民种植意愿明显提高。近年全省稻田紫云英种植面积稳定在500万亩以上，肥田萝卜、油菜绿肥、果园绿肥和其他豆科绿肥作物面积也在不断增加。
 
　　据了解，紫云英是非常清洁的有机肥源，紫云英花更是很好的蜂蜜蜜源。它易于栽培，生产管理低于其他农作物，种植紫云英亩均可节本增收60元，并能有效增加土壤有机质含量，改善土壤理化性能，提升耕地土壤肥力。绿肥在提高了耕地综合生产能力，生物固氮，减少化肥投入10%-30%，减轻了农田面源污染，绿色生态，提高农产品质量。
 
　　贵州岑巩县：推广有机肥5万亩
 
　　今年以来，贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州岑巩县加大有机肥推广应用力度，目前共计推广有机肥面积5.04万亩，施用有机肥13850吨。其中，水稻有机肥推广面积1.2万亩，施用有机肥6000吨；果树有机肥推广面积6000亩，施用有机肥2500吨；蔬菜推广面积5000亩，施用有机肥2000吨；花卉推广面积2000亩，施用有机肥410吨；烤烟推广面积2.34万亩，施用有机肥2420吨；中药材推广面积2000亩，施用有机肥520吨。
 
　　岑巩县紧紧围绕“稳粮增收调结构，提质增效转方式”的工作主线，大力推进化肥减量提效工作。岑巩县以产业发展为基础，主动作为，以增施有机肥作为减少化肥用量的有效行动抓手，引导、鼓励和支持农业经营主体、种植大户和广大农户增施有机肥。
 
　　安徽桐城：有机肥让“桐城小花”茶香四溢
 
　　“桐城小花”是历史名茶，史称“品不减龙井”，也是安徽茶叶的一张名片。近年来，由于化肥的过量使用，桐城茶园的土壤出现了板结硬化的现象，茶叶品质也受到了影响。
 
　　去年，农业农村部公布了果菜茶有机肥替代化肥行动方案，桐城市作为茶叶有机肥替代化肥示范县，开展了多项茶叶有机肥替代化肥行动。经过一年多的项目实施，有机肥用量提高了21.43%，且茶叶质量明显变好。
 
　　据了解，在有机肥施用上，当地示范区茶叶有机肥每亩施用量从2016年的87.5公斤(实物量)提高到了2017年的106.25公斤，亩均增加18.75公斤，增幅达21.43%。桐城市还通过购买服务的方式，支持2家有机肥企业参与5家畜禽养殖户的粪污资源化利用，采用补贴的方式，鼓励新型农业经营主体施用商品有机肥。另外，桐城市还集中推广秸秆还田、商品有机肥施用、沼液还田、种植绿肥等技术措施，提高肥料利用率。2017年，桐城市畜禽粪污综合利用率由2016年的75%提高到了80%。土壤有机质含量平均提高5%以上，酸化、盐渍化等问题得到初步改善。
 
　　结语
 
　　推广使用有机肥不仅能改善土壤质量、提高土壤肥力，还可以降低肥料投入成本，减轻农民负担；同时，推广有机肥是促进农业增产、农民增收的重要措施，是提高农产品品质、增强市场竞争力的重要环节，提高农业综合生产能力、促进农业可持续发展的治本措施，同时也是降低生产成本、促进农民节本增收的重要途径。
 
　　本文由中国农机网整理发布，资料来源：农民日报、中国农业新闻网、中国化肥网，如有侵权或异议请联系我们。

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